In 2020, the ethnic group with the highest ACSL for sexual offences was Black, at 67.3 months, and the lowest the Asian group at 51.6 months. Please send any comments to: datausers@justice.gov.uk. Across the past 5 years, possession of a Class B drug (cannabis) was consistently the most common drug offence for all ethnic groups, accounting for 31% of all drug offences in 2020. In 2020, Black offenders made up 32% of the prison population for under-18-year olds, despite accounting for only 13% of the whole prison population. Judiciary: The proportion of White judges has fallen by 1.9 pp, between 2017 and 2021, driven mainly by an increase in the proportion of practitioners from Asian (1.5 pp) and Mixed (0.6 pp) ethnic groups[footnote 97]. It is important to note that for the majority of the report, no controls have been applied for other characteristics of ethnic groups (such as average income, geography, offence mix or offender history), so it is not possible to determine what proportion of differences identified in this report are directly attributable to ethnicity. Arrest rate in England and Wales 2006-2022, by ethnicity. For more information on stop and search legislation, please see the accompanying guidance document. In line with previous years, Black defendants continued to serve a greater proportion of their original determinate sentence in custody (67% in 2020) when compared with Mixed (66%) White (60%), Asian (58%) and prisoners from Other ethnic groups (58%). Increases in custody rates in 2020 may be due to court prioritisation during the early stages of the Covid-19 pandemic, and it is difficult to know how this may have affected different ethnic groups. subcultural. All estimates from the CSEW are for the year ending March 2020 and were therefore minimally affected by lockdown restrictions[footnote 10]. The British Crime Survey found that most crimes go unreported and found that the risk of being a victim varies by ethnic group, whereby statistics showed that people from mixed ethnic backgrounds had a higher risk (36%) of becoming a victim of rime than blacks, Asians and whites faced. This section focusses on disaggregating the outcomes that are a result of a professional judgement (i.e. These proportions were similar to those of the ethnic breakdown of the prison population. Stop and search is an important detection tool for the police it allows officers to search individuals without an arrest taking place[footnote 27]. People from a Black, Asian, 'Mixed' or 'Chinese and other' background were over-represented as defendants in the criminal justice system in 2019, according to Ministry of Justice (MoJ) data. In 2020, of all defendants remanded in custody for indictable offences at Crown Court, 77% were sentenced to immediate custody; an increase from 72% in 2016. Asian prisoners, on average, served the smallest proportion of their original sentence, serving 58% of their determinate sentence in custody in 2020; a trend that has remained stable since 2016. For example, in 2020, Black defendants were 16% less likely to enter a guilty plea than White defendants in Crown Court [footnote 48]. London. In 2020, 52% of Black defendants were remanded in custody, compared to 36% of White defendants. , All groups defined by officer-identified ethnicity classification see Appendix I. These include: Survey data from Her Majestys Inspectorate of Prisons Annual Report, (New) Understanding Educational Background of Offenders (MoJ/ DfE data share). This goes against the trend from 2016 where the numbers of prosecutions had been rising each year for all ethnic groups except Black. These research outputs are not official statistics on the population. Where we have identified any third party copyright information you will need to obtain permission from the copyright holders concerned. , The HMI Prisons section refers to race rather than ethnicity as this was the term used in the survey. Include a detailed revisions policy within every release. Under the Criminal Justice Act 1991, section 95, the government collects annual statistics based on race and crime. In accordance with Principle 2 of the Code of Practice for Official Statistics, the Ministry of Justice is required to publish transparent guidance on its policy for revisions. the young, the poor and ethnic minorities) show up more often in these statistics. The arrest rate for all ethnic groups decreased over this period, each within the range of 4 percentage points (pp) in 2020/21 (10 to 14%). The proportions of ethnic groups in the prison population has remained stable across the past 5 years. , Senior roles are as follows: CPS - Senior Legal Manager and Senior Civil Servant; MoJ Senior Civil Servant; HMPPS - Senior Civil Servant; Police - Chief Inspector, Superintendent, Chief Superintendent, and Chief Officers; Judiciary High Court Judges, Heads of Division and Lord Justices of Appeal. According to the most recent data available, the crime rate in England and Wales in the year ending March 2022 was 46,077 offenses per 100,000 people, which is 4% higher than the year ending March 2020. Convictions by offence group may be influenced by factors other than ethnicity. 53% of prosecutions for this offence were for White defendants, 25% Black, 13% Asian, 6% Mixed and 2% Chinese or Other ethnic groups. Well send you a link to a feedback form. Read this article. , A permanent exclusion refers to a pupil who is excluded and who will not come back to that school (unless the exclusion is overturned). Therefore, users should be careful when comparing cohort 2015/16 and earlier to subsequent annual figures. These proportions have remained broadly consistent across the last 5 years. During this three-year period, 38% of Black homicide victims were of age 20 or younger; 13% of White, 24% of Asian and 33% of Other ethnicity homicide victims were in this age group. A larger proportion of arrests in London were for suspects from minority ethnic groups, at 55%, compared to 16% across the rest of England and Wales. Figure 5.02: Proportions of convictions for all ethnicities, by offence groups, 2020, England and Wales. 3 The rape figures in this table are aggregate totals of the data submitted based on both the legacy and revised Uniform Crime Reporting . Over half of young offenders sentenced or cautioned had SEN. This varied by ethnic group; in 2020, 81% of White offenders who were remanded in custody went on to receive an immediate custodial sentence, compared to 79% of Asian offenders and 70% of Black offenders . * Production, supply, intent to supply (Class A) The proportion of young offenders persistently absent was higher for White, Black and Asian ethnic groups receiving a custodial sentence compared to the total sentenced/ convicted. Unfortunately, we do not hold data on offences . The largest proportionate change was seen in prosecutions of White defendants, decreasing from 79% of all prosecutions to 76% (resulting in a 1% proportionate increase across all ethnic minority groups). The number of stop and searches carried out by police has risen by 24% to almost 700,000 in a single year, with officers using the tactic on the . There are various reasons why the police may carry out a stop and search, for example they may suspect an individual is carrying drugs or a weapon. In the year ending March 2021, there were 5,777 oral parole board hearings where ethnicity was recorded[footnote 55]. Being suspended can involve a part of the school day and it does not have to be for a continuous period. Across the past 5 years, White defendants consistently had the highest guilty plea rate, at 79% in 2020, followed by defendants of the Mixed ethnic group at 73%, Chinese or Other ethnic groups at 72%, Asian at 68% and Black defendants at 66%. 11/1/2022 10/1/2022 11/1/2021. In 2020, the custody rate was relatively stable across ethnic groups, between 24 and 26%. We have crudely attempted to control for different offence mixes across ethnic groups by applying a similar pattern of offences being sentenced across all ethnic groups, fixing this to the White group. Criminal legal aid consists of legal advice and representation provided to people being investigated or charged with a criminal offence. White prisoners reported more positive experiences on their wing/houseblock compared to prisoners of other ethnicities, with 90% of White prisoners reporting that they could shower every day, in comparison with 80% of Black prisoners. Over the last 5 years, there has been a decrease in the proportion of stop and searches conducted on Black individuals in London, from 36% in 2016/17 to 32% in 2020/21. In general, minority ethnic groups appear to be over-represented at many stages throughout the CJS compared with the White ethnic group. A copy of this statement can be found at: http://www.justice.gov.uk/downloads/statistics/mojstats/statistics-revisions-policy.pdf. , More information of ethnic group classifications can be found in Appendix I, Officer identified ethnicity can refer to ethnicity recorded by any third party, such as a police officer, clerk or a member of the data entry team. Figure 5.03: Proportions of remand status by ethnic groups at Crown Court, 2020, England and Wales. The average number of assailants was 1.29 and did not vary significantly by the victims' race or ethnicity. Custody rates have largely converged across ethnic groups between 2016 and 2019. , Arrests analysis excludes Lancashire as they could not supply complete data for 2017/18. In 2019/20, the CSEW estimated that 4% of adults were a victim of a personal crime on one or more occasions. For indictable offences, ethnic minority groups accounted for a higher proportion of male prosecutions and convictions compared to females. The lowest proportion of male homicides was in the White ethnic group (65%). The proportions across ethnic groups have remained relatively stable in the past 5 years. In response to COVID-19 lockdown restrictions, interviews were suspended two weeks early in March 2020. These proportions have remained stable across the past 5 years. , Children includes individuals aged up to 17 and adults includes individuals aged 18 and over. This was the only region in which homicide victims were more likely to be from the Black ethnic group (42%), followed by White ethnic group (40%). This builds on work to improve the 2016 admin-based ethnicity statistics. No causative links can be drawn from these summary statistics. SEN support replaces school action and school action plus but some pupils remain with these provision types in first year of transition. In 2020, 70% of the legally aided prison law workload related to White defendants, 11% to Black, 8% to Other, 6% to Mixed and 5% to Asian. Around 34% of all Black homicide victims were aged between 15 and 20. Figure 4.02: Distribution of stop and searches in London and England and Wales, by ethnicity, 2020/21. The number of prosecutions for drug offences has decreased by 15% in the past 5 years. A proven reoffence is defined as any offence committed in a one-year follow-up period that resulted in a court conviction, caution, reprimand or warning in this timeframe, or a further six-month waiting period to allow the offence to be proven in court[footnote 68]. Where young offenders were received a custodial sentence of more than 12 months, Black and Asian children had a higher proportion of SEN, without statement, at 72% and 74% respectively, compared to White children, at 59%. Of all defendants who entered a plea at Crown Court for sexual offences, 94% entered a guilty plea in 2020 . A decline in custody rate was observed in 2020, likely a result of the impact of COVID-19 restrictions on courts and the prioritisation of non-jury trials . This trend is similar across all disposal types. Fast Forward to the 21st century, and the criminological debate about race and crime now centred on the involvement of Black young people in street gangs. Principal suspects in homicides with all other ethnicities were most likely to be a stranger (Black 43%, Asian 28%, Other 65%). Overall, 81% of defendants who were remanded in custody at Crown Court for drug offences went on to receive an immediate custodial sentence. Published by D. Clark , Feb 10, 2022. Of defendants prosecuted for sexual offences at Crown Court, Black defendants were more likely to be remanded in custody. A greater number of children in prison were from minority ethnic groups. Tue 30 Jun 2020 19.01 EDT Last modified on Wed 1 Jul 2020 12.15 EDT. Caution should be taken when considering the ethnic breakdown of senior staff because the number of individuals represented is small and changing a single case could have a noticeable effect. In first year of transition continuous period aged 18 and over over half of young offenders sentenced cautioned... 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